L5 Basic Genetics

#type/lecture

🧠 Concepts Introduced

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Chromosomes and Variations Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Numbers & Arrangement

Learning Outcomes

  • Define chromosome mutations
  • Explain numerical and structural variations
  • Give examples of chromosomal abnormalities

continuation from L4 Basic Genetics#Chromosomal variation overview

Cause of Variations

  • Errors during meiosis or mitosis
  • Radiation exposure
  • Chemical mutagens

Causes of Aneuploidy

  • Nondisjunction during meiosis
  • Chromosomes fail to separate

Types of Polyploidy

  • Autopolyploidy: same species duplication
  • Allopolyploidy: hybrid between species

Chromosome Mutations and Evolution

  • Source of genetic diversity
  • Contributes to new species formation
    Explain that not all mutations are harmful—some drive
    evolution and adaptation
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